The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has published SPARQL (pronounced 'sparkle') query technology specifications, designed to open up data access on the semantic web.
The SPARQL protocol and resource description framework (RDF) query language is used for storing or retrieving data stored in an RDF format. It enables applications or relational databases queries across distributed data source or to add new ones, independent of format, without writing logic to merge the results.
"Trying to use the Semantic Web without SPARQL is like trying to use a relational database without SQL," explained Tim Berners-Lee, W3C director. "SPARQL makes it possible to query information from databases and other diverse sources in the wild, across the web."
Lee Feigenbaum, chair of the W3C RDF data access working group said: "SPARQL's focus on querying the data models saves time for developers; there's no need for a host of little web services to retrieve different aspects of the state of a system."
The SPARQL specification defines a query language and a protocol and works with the other core semantic web technologies from W3C including its RDF format for representing data; RDF Schema; Web Ontology Language (OWL) for building vocabularies; and Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages (GRDDL), for automatically extracting semantic web data from documents.
SPARQL also makes use of other W3C standards found in Web services implementations, such as Web Services Description Language (WSDL). And because it is has no ties to any specific database format or standard like SQL or XQuery, it is designed to also take advantage of web 2.0 data and mash-up development techniques.
Berners-Lee has, in the past, advocated enterprise involvement in semantic web development to build ontologies to deliver more dynamic, accurate and rich SPARQL-based searches from trusted sources, by industry or profession for example.
The W3C has issued a report on the 14 known SPARQL implementations, many of which are open source.
