Online firms such as Facebook and Google may have to get more permission to use information if European Union lawmakers get their way.
The EU wants to limit companies' ability to use and sell data, such as internet browsing habits, to advertising companies, especially when people are unaware their data is being used in such a way.
"Users must be informed about what happens with their data," said Jan Philipp Albrecht, a German Member of the European Parliament who is driving the reform. "And they must be able to consciously agree to data processing - or reject it."
Facebook and Google, who were among the first to profit from users' data, have been lobbying against the curbs. Other data-reliant sectors such as health services, rail and smart-meter makers have also voiced concerns.
Users must be informed about what happens with their data.
Albrecht, a Green politician, is expected to outline plans to make sure users of search engines and social networks can control how much of their data is sold to advertisers.
A report he produced, which was seen by Reuters, builds on a proposal announced by the European Commission last January for tougher data protection.
The European Parliament, the Commission and the bloc's 27 countries will seek an agreement on the rules in coming months.
Internet companies worry it will have a chilling effect on a thriving business.
"We are concerned that some aspects of the report do not support a flourishing European digital single market and the reality of innovation on the internet," Erika Mann, head of EU policy for Facebook, said.
The digital market was inescapably global in nature, and included important partners in the United States, she said.
The amount of online data collected and sold has grown rapidly. Currently, over 60 hours of YouTube content is uploaded every minute.
US privacy advocates estimate a Facebook user can make $10 a year for the company by clicking on ads. At last count, the company said it had over 1 billion users.
Albrecht also said national authorities might be allowed to levy fines ranging from 0.5-2.0 per cent of annual turnover for compromising customer data - which could mean losing or divulging the data.
However, high-ranking politicians in the European parliament are lobbying for the maximum fine to be no more than 1 per cent of turnover, saying anything higher could push big data offshore. Albrecht's final report will voted on in April.
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