Defined by Gartner as 'a virtual representation of a thing, person or process to meet business objectives', digital twins replicate all of the features of a physical model, enabling the remote simulation, monitoring and maintenance of anything from a piece of equipment to an entire city.
US aerospace organisation NASA was one of the first to embrace digital twins. In fact, it used an early iteration pairing technology in the first days of space exploration. It has never looked back; today it is investing in digital twins to help it predict, detect and solve problems for hardware and systems located far from Earth.
Managing assets
This ability to virtually manage hard-to-reach assets is changing the game for those pioneering businesses that choose to follow NASA's example. British-Dutch oil and gas firm Shell, for example, is using digital twin technology to help it perform real-time structural integrity checks on several of its fixed and floating offshore assets.
It's a similar story for American multinational energy corporation Chevron, which is using the technology across its control process systems, such as refineries, as well as for its subsurface reservoirs. "Obviously, we can't see beneath the surface, so the digital models allow us to test different production techniques to optimise our approach when we go live," Ed Moore, Chevron's senior technology strategist for emerging technology, tells IT Pro.
The benefits don't end there. By powering a digital twin with internet of things (IoT) data, as well as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), firms are able to predict faults and prevent machine failure, reducing the downtime of equipment which could lead to lost production and higher maintenance costs.
Global industrial firm GE is doing exactly this. It has created digital twins of its entire jet engine fleet to better predict when engines need to come in for service. This helps its airline customers avoid losing tens of millions of dollars in maintenance costs and prevents passengers from experiencing delays.
Logistics firm DHL, meanwhile, is joining forces with food packaging manufacturer TetraPak to develop a digital twin of an entire warehouse, replicating all activities and machinery. By analysing the movement of packages and functionality of machinery, the firms expect the digital twin to dramatically improve productivity.
Having real-time access to the condition of an asset also enhances safety if there is an issue, then a company doesn't have to wait for it to be flagged by routine inspection. "We have immediate notification of anomalous data so we can take the appropriate actions," says Chevron's Moore.
Saving time and money
Generating new efficiencies in these ways can also boost the bottom line. GE has already realised more than$1.5 billion in cost savings through predictive maintenance and enabling more optimal performance of assets and systems for its businesses and their customers.
At the same time, Italian car manufacturer Maserati has reportedly used digital twin technologies to conduct a number of virtual test drives and wind tunnel tests, reducing the number of physical prototypes it makes. This has cut vehicle development time by 30%.
It's clear that the emergence of digital twins is transforming how we build, move and power the world and experts agree that this will proliferate in the years to come.
"While our research has found that only 13% of enterprises have already implemented digital twins, another 62% are in-process or planning to implement them by next year," Alfonso Velosa, vice president of research at Gartner, explains to IT Pro.
NASA will continue to spearhead the use of the technology. In fact, its Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) division has recently developed elements of the digital twin in a project that, when matured, promises to revolutionise certification, fleet management and sustainment of vehicles and applications.
"Digital twins could be a key enabler for NASA to bring about substantial improvements in affordability, performance and capabilities," John Vickers, NASA principal technologist in the area of advanced manufacturing, tells IT Pro. "It's likely that NASA's use of digital twins will only increase."
Paving the way for success
While the future undoubtedly looks promising, it will take the widespread adoption of key enabling technologies such as IoT, AI, ML and augmented reality (AR) for digital twins to enter mainstream use.
"IoT is needed to collect data from the physical world, cloud-based IT systems are required for storage and processing, machine learning will help enable prediction, and ideally some form of virtual, mixed, or augmented reality should be used to help consume the information from the digital twin in a more immersive way," says Ben Gesing, senior innovation manager at DHL Customer Solutions and Innovation. "These technologies will lay the groundwork for digital twins."
When this eventually happens, the possibilities will be endless.
In the years ahead, GE expects its digital twins to augment its industrial machines, services and manufacturing processes with more intelligent capabilities to not only generate, distribute and consume energy in cleaner, more sustainable ways, but to optimise air travel to increase the number of passengers served with minimal or no disruptions.
And Chevron will go a step further. "Using Microsoft's AR solution HoloLens, we're already able to create 3D true-to-scale holograms of designs of ships or refinery units, which are overlaid in a physical environment," says Moore. "In the future, we anticipate having full 3D virtual representations of our end-to-end operations, from the truck driving through the gate, to product delivery at the other end."
